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Seven-Year Study Reveals the Holy Grail of Beer Brewing Techniques
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After an extensive seven-year investigation, scientists at ETH Zurich have discovered the long-sought formula for stable beer foam, often referred to as the "holy grail" of brewing. This research provides insights into the different physical mechanisms that contribute to the durability of foam across various beer types.
The project, led by Professor Jan Vermant, was inspired by a fundamental question posed to a Belgian brewer: "How do you control brewing?" The response was telling—"By watching the foam." This interaction led the researchers to explore the forces and structures behind the foam stability that keeps beer enjoyable from the first sip to the last.
Their findings, published in Physics of Fluids, reveal a clear hierarchy in foam stability among different Belgian ales. The "Tripel" style produced the most stable foam, followed by "Dubbel," with "Singel" beers exhibiting significantly less durability owing to milder fermentation processes and lower alcohol levels.
In examining two lagers from large Swiss breweries, the team noted that while these lagers can achieve stable foam akin to Belgian ales, the underlying physical principles differ. One lager’s performance was less impressive than anticipated, highlighting potential for further improvement.
Traditionally, foam stability was largely attributed to protein-rich layers forming around bubbles, derived from barley malt. However, this study uncovers a complex interplay of factors influencing foam longevity, especially depending on the type of beer.
In lagers, foam stability is determined by surface viscoelasticity, significantly influenced by protein amounts and their behavior. In "Tripel" beers, stability is maintained through Marangoni stresses—movement caused by surface tension variations. This can be illustrated with a simple analogy: when soap is added to a surface of crushed tea leaves on water, the leaves are drawn outward by swirling currents, which can help stabilize foam similarly to "Tripel" beers.
Researchers discovered that the structural behavior of proteins surrounding the bubbles differs for each beer type. In "Singel" beers, these proteins create a densely packed formation, while "Dubbel" beers develop a mesh-like structure that enhances stability. In contrast, "Tripel" beers mimic properties of surfactants used in various products.
The ETH team has partnered with a leading brewery to delve deeper into the foam stability issue and ascertain the factors that keep beer foam from collapsing. Vermant asserts that enhancing foam quality requires a careful, structured approach rather than a one-size-fits-all method.
Beyond brewing, the research has wider implications. For instance, in electric vehicles, foams in lubricants can pose risks, and the team has begun collaborating with Shell to explore solutions for foam management. Additionally, they are studying the use of environmentally friendly surfactants and investigating the stabilization properties of foams in various contexts, emphasizing the valuable insights gained from their beer research.
In summary, this comprehensive study enriches our understanding of beer foam stability and paves the way for advancements not just in brewing but across various industries.
- ETH Zurich Research
- Physics of Fluids Journal Reference: DOI: 10.1063/5.0274943
Sip in Style: 25+ Wine, Beer, and Spirit Events to Celebrate This Winter
As winter approaches, festive events centered around beer, wine, and spirits are filling up the calendar in the Bay Area. Here’s a roundup of exciting activities to consider during the holiday season.
Upcoming Events:
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Paint and Pints: Enjoy a craft beer while painting festive artwork at Gilman Brewing Co. in Berkeley, on Dec. 3, 6-8 p.m. Tickets are $25. Event Details
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Brewery Yoga: Relax with a yoga session at Woodhouse Blending & Brewing in Santa Cruz on Dec. 3, at 6 p.m. Follow it up with some refreshing beer for $18. Event Details
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Cab Franc Day: On Dec. 4 at Bankhead Theater in Livermore, wine lovers can indulge in tastings from thirteen local wineries accompanied by complimentary snacks. Event Details
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Holiday Charcuterie Workshop: Learn how to create a stunning charcuterie board while sipping wine from Dante Robere Vineyards on Dec. 4, for $95. Event Details
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St. Bernardus Christmas Ale Release: Join Tiger’s Taproom in Oakland on Dec. 5 from 5-10 p.m. for the one-night release of this legendary Belgian ale. Free entry. Event Details
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Champagne Christmas: Celebrate the holiday season with bubbly and live music at Dalé Vino in Pittsburg on December 6, following the local Holiday Parade. Free, table reservations are encouraged. Event Details
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Merry Martini Mixer: Enjoy three festive gin cocktails at the AC Hotel in Sunnyvale, paired with a live DJ on Dec. 10, from 5-7 p.m. Free event. Event Details
These events showcase the amazing local craft beverage scene and are perfect opportunities to celebrate the season with friends and family. Enjoy the holiday spirit while tasting some new favorites or indulging in seasonal traditions.
25+ Must-Attend Wine, Beer, and Spirit Events to Celebrate This Winter
As the winter season approaches, the Bay Area is bustling with a variety of fun and festive events centered around wine, beer, and spirits. Here’s a roundup of over 25 exciting occasions you can partake in throughout the holidays.
Upcoming Events
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Paint and Pints
Date: Dec. 3, 6-8 p.m.
Location: Gilman Brewing Co., Berkeley
Cost: $25
Enjoy craft beer while painting something festive. -
Brewery Yoga
Date: Dec. 3, 6 p.m.
Location: Woodhouse Blending & Brewing, Santa Cruz
Cost: $18
Participate in a vinyasa flow session followed by refreshments. -
Cab Franc Day
Date: Dec. 4, 2 and 6 p.m.
Location: Bankhead Theater, Livermore
Experience wine tastings with complimentary snacks. -
Holiday Charcuterie Workshop
Date: Dec. 4, 6-8:30 p.m.
Location: Dante Robere Vineyards, Livermore
Cost: $95
Learn to create stunning charcuterie boards with wine tastings. -
St. Bernardus Christmas Ale Release
Date: Dec. 5, 5-10 p.m.
Location: Tiger’s Taproom and Bottle Shop, Oakland
Cost: Free
Be among the first to sample this yearly special brew. -
Champagne Christmas
Date: Dec. 6, 7-10 p.m.
Location: Dalé Vino, Pittsburg
Enjoy bubbly and live music following the Pittsburg Holiday Parade. Free entry. -
Merry Martini Mixer
Date: Dec. 10, 5-7 p.m.
Location: AC Hotel Sunnyvale Moffett Park
Cost: Free
Tastings of festive gin cocktails and live music. -
Jack London Holiday Bar Crawl
Date: Dec. 11, 6-10 p.m.
Location: Oakland
Stroll through the area with exclusive bar discounts. Free with RSVP. -
Sips of the Season
Date: Dec. 11, 6:30-8 p.m.
Location: Total Wine and More, San Jose
Cost: $20
Sample curated wines perfect for holiday gatherings. -
Free Paint and Sip
Date: Dec. 12, 6-8 p.m.
Location: Oakland United Beerworks, Oakland
Enjoy free painting supplies while sipping on their craft beers. -
Holiday Vineyard Jazz
Date: Dec. 13, 1-4 p.m.
Location: Ben Lomond
Relax with wine tastings while enjoying live jazz music. -
Spirit and Sweater Stroll
Date: Dec. 13, 5-8 p.m.
Location: Pleasanton
Don a festive sweater and sample regional cocktails. -
Champagne Cocktails Class
Date: Dec. 19, 5-6 p.m.
Location: Quattro Restaurant and Bar, East Palo Alto
Learn how to craft Champagne cocktails while tasting hors d’oeuvres. -
Winter Market
Date: Dec. 20, 1-6 p.m.
Location: Faction Brewing, Alameda
Browse local vendor gifts while enjoying craft brews. -
Ugly Sweater Dance Party
Date: Dec. 26, 6-9:30 p.m.
Location: Rios-Lovell Estate Winery, Livermore
Celebrate with festive music and cocktails in an ugly sweater. -
Capitola Village Sip and Stroll
Date: Feb. 21, 12-5 p.m.
Location: Capitola
Sip local drinks while shopping through charming boutiques.
These events offer a wonderful way to explore local breweries, wineries, and distilleries while celebrating the holiday spirit with friends and family.
Perfect Gift Ideas for the Wine Lover in Your Life: Expert Recommendations
Finding a thoughtful gift for a wine lover can be a challenge, but there are plenty of creative options available. Instead of opting for a standard bottle, consider unique items like the Huski wine cooler, which keeps wine chilled without needing to be pre-frozen and comes in attractive colors, priced at $55.
Wineries have begun offering tasting kits and wine packages, such as Cuvaison’s four 100 ml sample tubes available for starting at $45. For those who prefer vegan options, Kind of Wines allows customers to create their own selection of certified vegan wines, priced around $26 each.
For a more elaborate gift, Auteur’s seasonal box includes a Sonoma Coast chardonnay and Russian River pinot noir, along with locally grown Double A Walnuts for $169. Rombauer’s gift box with a selection of their wines is available for $130.
For non-drinkers, options like Miguel Torres’ Serena Mode alcohol-free wines at $15 each or Pierre Chavin’s sparkling chardonnay for $20 would make excellent gifts. Building a customized cheese and wine basket can also make for a delightful present.
As for accessories, a quality corkscrew could be a valuable addition to any wine lover’s collection. Consider upgrading from a basic model to a handcrafted Laguiole corkscrew starting at around $300. Additionally, a stylish leather wine tote from IWA, priced between $75 to $100 depending on the size, is a practical and elegant option.
When it comes to wines that truly impress, try selecting luxurious options like:
- Chateau Montelena Napa Valley Cabernet Sauvignon 2021 ($200) – Known for its layered fruit flavors, this cabernet offers notes of black cherry and cassis.
- Nickel & Nickel John C. Sullenger Vineyard Napa Valley Cabernet Sauvignon 2023 ($140) – This robust wine features ripe black fruit flavors with a hint of cassis and espresso.
- Moone Tsai Howell Mountain Red Blend 2021 ($170) – A full-bodied blend with flavors of cherry and blackberry, complemented by tobacco and cedar.
- Beaulieu Vineyard Georges de Latour Private Reserve Cabernet Sauvignon Napa Valley 2022 ($170) – Recognized as one of the premier reserve cabernets in Napa Valley, this wine offers a complex range of aromas and flavors.
For collectors or those looking to explore different varietals, Davis Bynum’s offerings are noteworthy:
- Davis Bynum Chardonnay Russian River Valley River West Vineyard 2023 ($30) – Affordable and delicious, with tropical fruit aromas.
- Davis Bynum Chardonnay Russian River Valley Dutton Ranch Origin 2023 ($70) – A more sophisticated version with balanced notes of butterscotch and toasty oak.
- Davis Bynum Pinot Noir Russian River Valley Bacigalupi Vineyard 2023 ($70) – An expressive pinot noir with wild cherry and vanilla elements.
For those on a budget, consider the Brassfield Estate Cabernet Sauvignon 2021 ($35) or San Leonardo “Terre” Vigneti delle Dolomiti IGT 2021 ($25), which offer great value and distinct flavors.
More gift ideas and wine insights can be found at moreaboutwine.com.
Madison Beer’s Stunning New Selfie: A Look You Can’t Miss!
Madison Beer recently shared a stylish mirror selfie on her Instagram Story, showcasing a relaxed yet chic outfit. In the hallway of her home, she captured herself dressed in a cropped grey sweatshirt and matching sweatpants, heightened by a structured black leather jacket. The laid-back look was perfectly complemented with her hair in a casual updo and accessories including large hoop earrings and glasses. The background featured her song "bittersweet" playing softly, adding a personal touch to the post.
As the holiday shopping season kicks off, many are taking advantage of Black Friday deals. Notably, a hair regrowth serum that transformed Nicole Kidman’s hair is now on sale, making it an ideal purchase for those facing hair thinning.
In other entertainment news, Jennifer Lopez, following her divorce from Ben Affleck, is reportedly taking time to focus on herself and her career rather than dating. Meanwhile, a newly revealed diamond engagement ring, "Dis-Moi Oui," purchased by Dodi Fayed for Princess Diana, adds a historical touch to the headlines, being bought just hours before their tragic accident.
England Cricket Legend Robin Smith Opens Up About Battle with Alcoholism and Near-Death Experience
England cricket legend Robin Smith has bravely shared his near-fatal struggle with alcoholism, detailing how he came close to ending his life after years of battling his addiction. At 62 years old, the former batsman, who played for England in the 1992 Cricket World Cup and participated in three Ashes series, revealed the severe toll that alcohol took on his mental and physical health.
Smith enjoyed significant success on the field, with a stellar career that included 62 Test matches and notable averages. However, his mental health began to decline as he faced increased competition for places in the England team towards the end of his career, despite still performing well.
In an interview, he candidly admitted, “If I’m going to be really honest, yeah (it did deteriorate then). Just seeing guys – who I loved – coming through taking my place.” This emotional turmoil led him to drink an entire bottle of vodka daily for over a decade, ultimately putting him on the brink of death.
At one point, doctors informed his family that he had only a five percent chance of survival due to cirrhosis of the liver, and he spent seven months in hospital. Miraculously, he survived and now emphasizes the importance of reaching out for help. Smith advises others facing similar struggles not to hesitate to talk about their problems with friends and loved ones, insisting that they are not a burden.
His story serves as a powerful reminder of the struggles many face with mental health and addiction, especially in the world of sports. Robin Smith’s experience underscores the importance of seeking support and having open conversations about mental well-being.
If you or someone you know needs assistance with mental health issues, several organizations can provide help, including:
- CALM: www.thecalmzone.net, 0800 585 858
- Heads Together: www.headstogether.org.uk
- Mind: www.mind.org.uk, 0300 123 3393
- Samaritans: www.samaritans.org, 116 123
California Pinot Noir: The Unique Technique Behind the Top 10 Wine Spectator Selection
A recent tasting event highlighted the unique techniques of Williams Selyem, a winery renowned for its exceptional Pinot Noir wines from the Russian River Valley. During this inaugural tasting, the atmosphere was meticulously crafted to enhance the experience — bright lights, special glasses, and a focus on the wine’s depth. What unfolded was an inspiring moment as the tasters took their bottles outside to witness the breathtaking sunset, a fitting backdrop to evaluate the intensity of their creation.
Burt Williams and Ed Selyem began their journey over 50 years ago, driven by their love for Burgundy wines. Initially, they were just hobbyists with day jobs, but their passion propelled them to become pioneers in winemaking in Sonoma. Their experimentation led to the establishment of Williams Selyem in 1981, and their Pinot Noir gained international fame, landing a spot on the esteemed Wine Spectator Top 10 list.
Despite the challenges of financial constraints, Williams and Selyem innovatively used refurbished dairy processing equipment to craft their wines. The Russian River Valley, then relatively unknown, provided them with access to high-quality grapes despite their limited resources. Their wines began to reflect the terroir of the region, capturing its enchanting essence.
Years later, Williams Selyem was acquired by the renowned Burgundy producer, Domaine Faiveley. The current winemaker, Jeff Mangahas, is dedicated to preserving the unique methods established by its founders. Jeff has a deep appreciation for the dairy tanks used in production, which provide insulation and large surface areas for optimal fermentation. His approach incorporates techniques like foot treading, further integrating the grape’s skins and seeds for complex flavor profiles.
Jeff’s commitment reflects the legacy of Burt and Ed, as he tirelessly sources more dairy tanks and strives to continually enhance their winemaking process. His deep-seated passion for wine drew him from a successful career in molecular biology to the world of winemaking, inspired by the very bottles that once captivated him.
Williams Selyem’s current offerings include a variety of wines that showcase their meticulous production techniques and the singular characteristics of the Russian River Valley terroir. Each year, they produce numerous single-vineyard Pinot Noirs, each reflecting the unique attributes of its vineyard.
The exceptional quality and commitment to excellence continue to define Williams Selyem, earning high acclaim and positioning them firmly in the upper echelons of the wine industry. Their journey from hobbyists to internationally celebrated winemakers serves as a testament to the power of passion and innovation in the pursuit of excellence.
For more details about their wines, visit Williams Selyem.
Manhunt Launched After $40,000 Wine Heist: Two Suspects on the Run
A manhunt is currently underway in Virginia following the audacious theft of $40,000 worth of wine from a restaurant. Two individuals orchestrated the heist in broad daylight, prompting a high-speed chase after one of the suspects was apprehended. Authorities are now actively searching for the remaining suspect as the investigation continues.
Innovative Brewing: Beer Crafted from Purified Shower Water in “Morning in America
From shower drain to beer can? A California company has introduced two new beers made from recycled water, aiming to shift public perception about water reuse. Epic Cleantec, co-founded by Aaron Tartakovsky, emphasizes sustainability in their efforts to craft these unique brews, which will soon be available on a national scale.
The beers are part of a broader initiative to educate consumers on the importance of rethinking water sources, especially in regions affected by drought. As more businesses explore recycling methods out of necessity and ecological responsibility, products like these could lead to more sustainable practices in other industries as well.
Tartakovsky believes that these beers not only offer a quirky alternative for craft beer lovers but also serve as a conversation starter regarding environmental challenges. The venture signals a growing trend in the beverage industry towards sustainable sourcing and increased awareness of water conservation.
For more information about this innovative approach to brewing, you can read further about their mission and product launch here.
Rum Wednesday: Trovador Unveils Exquisite Double Barrel Aged Rum
Local distillers are making waves in the spirits industry once again with the release of Trovador Double Barrel Aged Rum. This new offering comes from the collaborative team of Devon Trevathan and Colton Weinstein of Liba Spirits, Chad Newton of You Are Here Hospitality, and Raul Malo, the frontman of Mavericks.
Building on the foundation laid by their previous release, Trovador Silver Rum, which combined Cuban-style, Dominican, and Mexican distillates, this new rum takes a unique approach. Unlike many rums that typically age in used American whiskey barrels, Trovador opts for new American oak barrels. This choice results in a more refined flavor profile that extracts rich colors and complex notes without the influence of any residual whiskey flavors.
The Double Barrel Aged Rum features discernible notes of vanilla, caramel, and sweetness drawn from the molasses, with introduced hints of pepper and dried fruit originating purely from the oak. Notably, this rum stands apart from dark rums that often include added sweeteners and caramel coloring; it is an authentic Latin product crafted using traditional American aging methods.
Once the spirit is barreled at a high proof of 140, the distillers carefully monitor the aging process, ensuring the final product’s bottling proof is determined by taste. They agreed upon an ideal 43 percent ABV, leading to its rich, bold character.
Following the success of the Silver Rum, expectations for the new Double Barrel Aged Rum are high, with a planned statewide rollout early next year. If you’re eager to try this unique spirit, keep an eye out at local retailers or consider purchasing it online.









